Cystitis is an inflammatory process located in the bladder. Together with him, the inflammation of the urethra or urethritis develops.
The characteristic features of cystitis are:
- The residual sensation of burning and rubber at the end and immediately after the act of urination
- Painful urine
- Pain syndrome located at the bottom of the abdomen and in the lumbar region
- Urine incontinence is possible
- Urine color change (bloody or muddy)
- Increased body temperature to fever
- Deterioration of the general well.
The causes of the disease
The factors that cause cystitis serve:
Infectious Factor:
- It is represented by an E. coli, streptococci and/or staphylococci, in view of the nearby location of the anus and the urethra (in women);
- Sexual infections (ureplasma and mycoplasma);
- Instrumental intervention or the introduction of infection in the urethra or bladder (most of the time microorganisms with gram -negative cell wall);
- Fungi, clamidia, virus;
- Inflammation in the genitourinary organs of a man (seed bubbles, appendices of the testicles, etc. );
- Tumor formations;
- Anatomical deviations;
- Attention allergy products (vaginal deodorants, colored toilet paper, talc, all types of perfume soap);
- Rare urine (characteristic of the elderly).
Diagnosis
The following laboratory methods are used to diagnose the disease:
- A blood analysis shows changes, among which there is a moderate inflammatory process
- Urine analysis (general) shows color changes due to the presence of uric acid, leukocytes, red blood cells, proteins and, in some cases, there is a foul smell
- The urine analysis by Nechiporenko allows you to investigate the organs of the genitourinary system and its condition by calculating the number of leukocytes, red blood cells and cylinders in the urine. The results of the study are affected by the accuracy of the material of the material and the fulfillment of the patient with the personal hygiene rules.
- The pathogenic microflora can be detected with a greater amount of nitrates in the urine, detected using an indicator strip
- The presence of pus in urine is detected by a leukocyte reaction est.
In addition to the laboratory diagnosis for the detection of cystitis, instrumental methods are carried out, the most common are Cytoscape, biopsy, ultrasound, diagnosis of STD/STPP and others.
Complications
With a non -radical nature of treatment, cystitis can not only enter a chronic form, but also complicate with diseases such as:
- A state in which the renal function is altered: the volume of the released urine is reduced
The inflammation extends to the mucous membrane and towards the muscle layer of the kidney, which is replaced by the result of the scar tissue, which leads to a decrease in the size of the kidney and the elasticity of its capsule.
PMR - Damage to valve structures, as a result of which urine is revealed to the output of the re -return flow to the kidney. At the same time, the location of the infection in the urinary system is preserved and the chronic form of pyelonephritis, scars of renal tissue and renal functioning due to complete deterioration occurs.
Disease treatment
The disease therapy is based on the elimination of microbial inflammation: the root cause of cystitis, which often occurs due to a weakened immune state. Therefore, the treatment of pathology implies the use of the following drug groups:
- Anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Antibacterial drugs
- Immunomodulators.
Risk group
The risk group is a weakened immunity, infected with HIV and pregnant women.
Prevention
Cystitis prevention measures serve:
- Lack of hypothermia
- Examination of a gynecologist every six months for STD/spp
- Strict observance of hygiene, especially during sexual contact
- Rejection of narrow underwear (thongs) and synthetic
- Take care of enough lubrication during intimacy
- Adequate food diet
- Prevention of constipation
- Strengthening immunity.
Diet and lifestyle
In the manifestation of pathology signs, it is necessary to limit the use of solid foods, replace it with broth, yogurts, mashed potatoes and a large volume of liquid. After a decrease in acute symptoms, a gradual introduction to the diet of solid foods, grains, nuts and legumes is allowed. A variety of newly squeezed juices (both vegetable and fruit) are useful for the body.
When fever must be observed, bed rest must be observed, compresses and warm baths must be used. You can eliminate stagnant phenomena using cold compresses.